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David McElroy

making sense of a dysfunctional culture

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Libertarian freedom vs. conservative tradition leads to culture clash

By David McElroy · July 30, 2011

JASPER, Ala. — When my family moved to this little town when I was a kid, I thought we’d moved to the end of the world, because I’d never lived in a place this tiny. Although I came to appreciate some things about it by the time I left, I’ll always feel like a stranger in a strange land here. I’m just not a good match for the culture.

Jasper is the county seat of Walker County, about an hour northwest of Birmingham. That’s the county courthouse above, and the clock at the right is also located on the courthouse square. The city is home to roughly 15,000 people today, not much bigger than the 11,000 or so that it was when I moved here when I was 12 years old. After having spent my years before then moving around between somewhat bigger cities all over the South, it was a culture shock to me when we came to live in this place so that my father could take care of his aging parents. I stayed until I left to attend the University of Alabama and even came back to work briefly after that.

I came here today because I wanted to think about how people meld into cultures and how those cultures affect their political beliefs and actions. We like to think of ourselves as individuals — especially those of us who believe in individual freedom — but there’s something that happens to groups of people living and working and raising families together that shapes them in ways that are hard to understand.

More than we sometimes realize, much of what we are is a product of the culture in which we’re raised and in which we choose to live. This has implications for how we need to organize our societies.

I started thinking about this issue last weekend as I listened to a debate between interns from the Cato Institute and the Heritage Foundation about the differences between libertarians and conservatives. I was stunned at the final point of the opening remarks of the first Heritage debater representing the conservative position:

“Without a free society, you cannot have a free individual. But with an absolutely free individual, you cannot preserve a free society.”

My first emotional impulse was to call the guy an idiot for making such a bizarre and Orwellian assertion. But the more I listened to the speakers from the two sides talk as the debate went on, the more I realized that the differences between these people weren’t primarily their ideas. It was that they were part of very different cultures — and there’s no way to reconcile the two.


Most people are convinced that politics is (or should be) a battle between ideas, but they’re mistaken. Politics is a battle between cultures. The ideas are just the excuses the cultures use to go to war with one another. Today, I’m revisiting what is now a foreign culture for me — a very conservative culture, by my standards — to think more about the implications of culture for how we organize the world’s political life.

In politics, it’s a debate over which one way — out of two or more ideas — is going to win out as the One True Way. That’s an effort that will only lead to frustration for a lot of people. It will also lead to conflict. Sometimes, it leads to civil wars or revolutions. Can we avoid that if we would take differing independent cultures into account instead of dismissively assuming that our way is the only good way for everyone?

As I look around this little town, I realize that the culture is more conservative than the politics in many ways. Things don’t change that much here, but political affiliations have changed. When I first moved here, voters were solidly Democratic and strong supporters of unions. Today, it’s trending strongly Republican, especially in state and national elections. (I don’t remember the last time a majority in the county voted for a Democrat for president, and it’s been represented by Republicans in Congress for something like 12 to 16 years.)

It hasn’t always been this way. Republicans used to be a few scattered wealthy people who were seen as having elitist ideas. The “Solid South” was dependable for Democrats in each election. In the late ’30s, a speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives was from Jasper. U.S. Rep. William B. Bankhead died in office in 1940 and President Franklin Roosevelt travelled to Jasper for his funeral at First Methodist Church, in the same building still in use today (above). Bankhead was a strong supporter of various Progressive-era programs from FDR’s administration.

By the political standards of today, the things the people of Jasper and Walker County supported politically at the time were downright socialist, yet the culture was still conservative insofar as being insular and socially uptight. Did the people make reasoned and conscious choices to change their political ideas? No, I don’t think so. The conservative thing in the ’30s and ’40s and ’50s was to support Democrats. Ever since the War Between the States, the people of the South supported what had been the party against the war. The conservative position was to keep supporting that party, regardless of what it stood for.

If there’s one thing even bigger than party affiliation in the South, though, it’s church affinity. If you doubt it, drive down I-22 near Jasper and notice the tiny church that built a huge 100-foot tall cross next to the road. (As a Christian, I’m bothered when churches spend money on things such as this that seem to say, “Look at us!” But that’s another story.) Even for many of those who don’t attend church, there’s a strong sense of identification with what churches stand for. And when the Religious Right emerged in the late ’70s and aligned itself with the Republican Party, many of those conservative Christians switched their votes, too.

First, it was just for presidential elections. Alabama was still in the Democrats’ column in 1976 when it supported Jimmy Carter. By 1980, the tide had changed and the state went for Ronald Reagan. The people themselves didn’t change. They were conservative — temperamentally and socially — in 1976 and they were still the same way four years later when they rejected Carter and voted for a Republican. What it meant to be a conservative changed. The people themselves didn’t change.

I think what this shows is that the culture was more important than the ideas. Yes, ideas mattered to the people who founded and led the Moral Majority and other Christian Right orangaizations, but rank-and-file voters were merely following what it meant to be conservatives by that point. In 1976, it meant voting for fellow southerner (and Southern Baptist) Jimmy Carter. In 1980, it meant voting for a man who was nominally a churchgoer, but who mostly just advocated what conservative religious leaders wanted.

Today, the people in this city and county would still call themselves conservatives, but if you’d drop by some hole in the wall eating establishment such as Reese’s — where I am right now — I doubt most of them could give you a philosophical justification for their positions. They’re merely following — unconsciously, I’d add — the path of what it means to be a conservative today. They would listen to the student speakers I heard from the Heritage Foundation and be completely comfortable talking about controlling the individual in order to make society free, because they’re ultimately part of a culture that values control and continuity.

(Just to be clear, I could make the same argument if I went to a liberal enclave and looked at the inconsistencies in their positions as their culture values different things at different times. This is a human problem, not just some deficiency in conservatives.)

The problem is that people don’t understand that they’re following a culture more than they’re following ideas. It’s certainly true that many individuals in areas disagree with the dominant culture and come to different conclusions political or philosophically, but there’s (almost?) always going to be one culture that dominates. (If you don’t think this dominant culture can be liberal just as easily as it can be conservative, consider the uniformity of opinion you’ll find on many college campuses.)

Why have schools been so problematic for this country for the last 50 years or more? I’d say that a lot of it has been the drive to slowly take away control from the local culture and put it into the hands of bureaucrats nationally. Even in cases where it was clearly the right moral thing to do — such as insisting that black children be given the same educational opportunities as white children — it caused culture wars because the change was brought about by someone else, not by the people inside the local culture itself. (Remember that this wasn’t just a southern phenomenon. People remember George Wallace and other southern segregationists, but they somehow forget about white people in Boston rioting in the mid ’70s when race-based busing was imposed on their schools.)

I walked through my old high school today, and it reminded me that a school strongly reflects the local culture, even if bureaucrats somewhere else are trying to force their ways onto the school. I had to sneak into an almost-empty Walker High School today because I figured the crew working on the floors would toss me out if they knew I was there. I’ve walked through many schools over the years, mostly when I used to be a journalist. There’s something very individual about the way schools feel in a cultural way to me, even if the buildings are pretty generic and the teachers all learned how to decorate their doors and bulletin boards in the same goofy ed school classes.

At this risk of anthropomorphizing too much, it seems as though a culture is like a single living organism and the people who are part of it are the cells. Sometimes the parts fight amongst themselves for control, but everybody knows what the dominant culture is.

When I was in high school, I had leadership roles that would imply I was part of the community and the culture. Technically, I was. I was editor of the school newspaper. I was president of the youth group at the biggest church in the area. But in the time I was there, I never really assimilated into the culture. I was like a foreign cell or organ attached to a culture that tolerated me, but didn’t quite know what to do with me. Even after studying journalism and coming back to work at the local newspaper for a couple of years, I didn’t fit. (That’s the folding unit at the end of the press at the Daily Mountain Eagle that used to print my work. I started there in college as a part-time reporter/photographer and eventually held jobs as sports editor and then managing editor.)

I think we all long to be part of a tribe, even if we don’t like the ones we’ve been a part of in the past. We have a need to feel as though we’re part of groups who understand us and agree with us and value us. So people tend to become like the others in their culture or they leave and go somewhere else or they’re just plain unhappy where they are.

Those of us who believe in individual freedom and less regulation and less legal control over people’s lives feel that way because we identify with a culture that feels that way. (That’s why online communities for those who agree become so important for those of us with minority opinions. As we discover that there are others like us, we gravitate to them and they’re the new culture we’re a part of more than the people we’re physically around.) We believe that everyone should live in a more free life. We don’t believe governments should tell people what to do with their lives. In our gut, we just believe that people would be happier and better off, even if they don’t understand that yet.

In the same way, people who are culturally conservative believe — in their gut — that others would be happier if they would just live more like what their ideal world would be like. They see completely free people the way the Heritage debater did — as a threat to the orderly society that is controlled along the lines that make them happy. I see the two groups as inevitably conflicting, because libertarians are more focused on the principles, even if the outcomes aren’t exactly what they want, and conservatives are more focused on getting the outcomes they want, even if they have to violate principles they say they believe in.

Even when libertarians and conservative agree on issues — and there are quite a number of economic issues for which that’s true — they don’t always come to the positions for the same reasons. So even when the two groups agree on issues and work together, there can be a sense of unease with both — because “they” are just plain wrong.

And when we disagree on policy, we each think the other has taken leave of his senses. Libertarians wonder why conservatives can’t see that the “War on (Some) Drugs” is costly, destructive and harms freedom. Conservatives can’t understand why libertarians would be in favor of something that only dirty hippies would do on their road to destruction. (The billboard at the bottom of this article is one I saw this afternoon here in Jasper. A conservative culture is happy to be reminded of drug arrests. It makes the sheriff look good to them instead of making them question why they’re having to pay to put people into prison and destroy families more effectively than the drugs could have.)

Libertarians (and various related others who go by other names) have a culture that values individual choice and a strong sense of rationality (to the exclusion of emotions, in some cases). Conservatives of various stripes tend to be more focused on the outcome they want in a society. They know what they want their society to look and feel like, and they’re willing to use freedom in some areas and coercion in others to build what they want.

The gap between those two is too wide to bridge. There isn’t any fusionist theory that can bring libertarians and conservatives together in anything other than a temporary and shifting alliance on certain issues. Each side is going to remain sure that the other is suspect — and just flat-out wrong. The cultural differences inevitably lead to clashes where no compromise is possible.

We don’t need a libertarian world or a conservative world (or a progressive world). We need a world in which cultures can establish their own cities or enclaves and make rules (or no rules) for themselves. We need a world where we quit trying to impose One True Way from the top. As long as we’re human beings, we’re going to separate into different cultures and strongly disagree with one another — and the notion that whichever group is biggest gets to make up rules for the rest is absurd and immoral. Historically, it’s led to conflict and it always will — until we understand that it’s OK for others not to be like us.

I’m not like most of the people here in Jasper. They’re not my tribe or culture. I’ve lived among them and have a pretty good understanding of them, but I’m not one of them. I never was.

Someone who heard I was here today asked if I was “home” for a visit, but I’m not home. This never really was home for me. Home is wherever my tribe is — people more like me, including a woman who matches me in culture, weirdness and maybe even craziness. Who knows what to call it? I just know that when people of the same tribe meet, they tend to know each other. Those people I need aren’t here and never will be. I have to find my own tribe and build a home and family with them.

Today, I leave behind a tribe of people for whom this is home. It’s comfortable for them and they don’t really see any need to change much. I’m not saying they’re wrong. I’m just saying that their choices and my choices will always be different — and that’s fine as long as we don’t try to make decisions for each other.

The political differences we have aren’t really about our ideas. They’re about the cultures we’re a part of. We need to structure the world in a way that accepts that.

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It was too cloudy last night for me to take a phot It was too cloudy last night for me to take a photo of the lunar eclipse, so I missed the beautiful red image that I saw from others. But the sky overhead tonight is crystal clear — and the moon seemed especially bright — so I snapped a shot anyway. I don’t really have the right lens for this since I have to blow it up massively when I shoot at 240mm. Surprisingly, this image was made at 1/250th of a second at f/6.3 and ISO 250. I’d like to have a longer lens for such a shot, but it’s not worth the money since I’d rarely use it. #nature #naturephotography #sky #moon
The aftermath of sunset looked soft and pastel Tue The aftermath of sunset looked soft and pastel Tuesday evening. #nature #naturephotography #sky #colorful #clouds #sunset #birmingham #alabama
I didn’t have my “real camera” with me, but I didn’t have my “real camera” with me, but the iPhone gives you a sense of how colorful the sky was just a moment ago right before the sun slipped beneath the horizon. #nature #naturephotography #sky #colorful #clouds #sunset #birmingham #alabama
The Saturday evening sunset punches through the he The Saturday evening sunset punches through the heavy clouds sitting just over the horizon, just enough to create a spectacular orange show as the world spins toward another night of darkness. #nature #naturephotography #sky #colorful #clouds #sunset #birmingham #alabama
This was sunset just east of Birmingham Wednesday This was sunset just east of Birmingham Wednesday evening behind the restaurant where I had dinner. #nature #naturephotography #sky #colorful #clouds #sunset #birmingham #alabama
One of the best things about this time of year is One of the best things about this time of year is that I see far more sunsets since they occur later in the evening. #nature #naturephotography #sky #colorful #clouds #sunset #birmingham #alabama
I caught just the very end of sunset through the t I caught just the very end of sunset through the trees behind the restaurant where I’m eating Tuesday evening. #nature #naturephotography #sky #colorful #clouds #sunset #birmingham #alabama
One of the things I really enjoy about spring is h One of the things I really enjoy about spring is having sunsets later in the evening. Here’s the one I just watched while I was at dinner. #nature #naturephotography #sky #colorful #clouds #sunset #birmingham #alabama
I just caught the very end of sunset, but I loved I just caught the very end of sunset, but I loved how the fading colors looked behind the evening clouds. #nature #naturephotography #sky #colorful #clouds #sunset #birmingham #alabama
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For “throwback Thursday, let me introduce you to For “throwback Thursday, let me introduce you to Sam. In 2009, I took in a young feral cat who I named for the early American revolutionary Samuel Adams. He was one of the most confident — downright arrogant, in fact — cats I’ve ever been around. He had an amazing personality and I immediately loved him. He was no more than 8 or 9 months old when he suddenly died for reasons that my vet couldn’t explain. Even though I had him only a short time, he was one of my all-time favorites. #tbt #cats #tabby #feral #birmingham #alabama
I’ve never been as curious about what a cat migh I’ve never been as curious about what a cat might be thinking as I constantly am about Merlin. As I watch him sitting here on the edge of my desk late Wednesday night, I can’t help but conclude he’s a very deep thinker. #cat #cats #catstagram #catsofinstagram #cute #cutecat #pets #petstagram #petsofinstagram #merlin2024 #instacat #ilovecats #birmingham #alabama
Lucy has been happily rolling around in the freshl Lucy has been happily rolling around in the freshly cut grass of the back yard Wednesday evening. #dog #dogs #dogstagram #dogsofinstagram #cute #cutedog #pets #petstagram #petsofinstagram #instadog #ilovedogs #birmingham #alabama
Thomas believes that he is the Most Interesting Ca Thomas believes that he is the Most Interesting Cat in the World — and I can’t say he’s wrong tonight. #cat #cats #catstagram #catsofinstagram #cute #cutecat #pets #petstagram #petsofinstagram #tabby #tabbycat #instacat #ilovecats #birmingham #alabama
Merlin is ready for me to turn the last of the off Merlin is ready for me to turn the last of the office lights off so he and Thomas can sleep peacefully without me muttering to myself as I write. #cat #cats #catstagram #catsofinstagram #cute #cutecat #pets #petstagram #petsofinstagram #merlin2024 #instacat #ilovecats #birmingham #alabama
Lucy just finished a Neighborhood Watch patrol and Lucy just finished a Neighborhood Watch patrol and now she’s cooling off in the back yard before heading inside for dinner. Her work is never done. #dog #dogs #dogstagram #dogsofinstagram #cute #cutedog #pets #petstagram #petsofinstagram #instadog #ilovedogs #birmingham #alabama
Except when he’s asleep, Thomas always looks as Except when he’s asleep, Thomas always looks as though he’s on high alert and ready to run away from danger. His feral early years still dominate his internal programming. #cat #cats #catstagram #catsofinstagram #cute #cutecat #pets #petstagram #petsofinstagram #tabby #tabbycat #instacat #ilovecats #birmingham #alabama
Lucy just finished her last walk of the day, but s Lucy just finished her last walk of the day, but she still wants more attention. She’s sitting in front of me looking expectantly. She seems certain that we will go outside for one more adventure if she’s persistent enough. #dog #dogs #dogstagram #dogsofinstagram #cute #cutedog #pets #petstagram #petsofinstagram #instadog #ilovedogs #birmingham #alabama
My favorite photos of Merlin tend to be those — My favorite photos of Merlin tend to be those — such as this one — in which he seems to be contemplating difficult issues. Feline philosophy or quantum physics or something else that he figures I wouldn’t understand. #cat #cats #catstagram #catsofinstagram #cute #cutecat #pets #petstagram #petsofinstagram #merlin2024 #instacat #ilovecats #birmingham #alabama #caturday
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On a live awards show Sunday night, one man made a joke about a female celebrity. The husband of the celebrity was offended and hit the man who made the joke. Or maybe it was staged for entertainment. Who knows? Who cares? Social media is full of discussion — and even arguments — about this idiocy today. This baffles me. Let’s assume for a moment that the event happened as reported. People have been having such idiotic fights ever since there have been humans. Half the bars in the world see such brief dustups regularly. It simply doesn’t matter. The fact that so many people believe they need to talk about this — or even need to have opinions about it — is more evidence of the bizarre media brainwashing that convinces many to care passionately about brain-dead trivia. Your life will be happier and saner if you focus on yourself, your family and your friends, not on whatever scripted (or spontaneous) bilge that the media wants to pipe into your home.

I’m in the middle of migrating this website to new servers this week. This means you might encounter some unexpected behavior until I get all the bugs worked out. Clicking on my links (including this one) might cause your browser to give you the message that it’s a site without a current security certificate. It’s not actually unsafe, but there’s something which isn’t yet set up for the security certificate. I apologize for any such errors you might encounter while the process is going on. If you notice any problems with content which didn’t migrate properly, I would appreciate you letting me know the details at davidmcelroy@mac.com. Thanks for your patience.

I often wonder what animals think when they look at us and consider the society we’ve created. Yes, I know this is fanciful and unrealistic, but what if they could? Would they be astounded at how we treat each other? Would they be disgusted by the ugliness and pettiness which fill so many of our daily interactions? The truth is that I’m feeling pretty disgusted with humanity tonight. I made the mistake of reading some online interactions that I should have avoided — and it sickened me. The people involved appeared to be vile and stupid and arrogant. I wish I could pretend they’re a tiny minority, but I know better. It’s times such as this when I most need to escape much of “civilization” and disconnect from their world. If humans are going to be worthy of “ruling this planet,” we have a lot of growth to do. And I fear that growth is nowhere in sight. So my buddy Thomas, above, and all of his friends would be right to judge us harshly — and to think, “Why do you folks get to be in charge?”

I should have expected this, but I honestly didn’t. The article I wrote last week about disagreements over treatment for autistic children brought me angry emails. You could almost call it “hate mail.” Of the five emails about it so far, two have been to tell me that I’m wrong to even listen to critics of the most popular therapy for autistic children — and the other three tell me I’m wrong for not condemning the treatment as the “obvious” abuse it is. If you read the article, you know I didn’t take a position on the issue, because I simply don’t know enough to have an opinion. But by talking about the issue, I stepped into a heated controversy. The emails from the two sides convinced me of nothing. But they did give me even more empathy for the unfortunate parents who have to figure out for themselves where the truth lies for their children.

Have you ever had what you thought was a new idea — and then discovered that “old you” had the same idea years ago? I had that experience tonight. And it’s been wonderful. I came up with an idea tonight for a very short satirical film that would be a promotion for a fictitious college. The point is to make the college promote — as good things — everything which is actually terrible about most modern colleges. Then I remembered a fake college that I invented back when I was in college. I had created student recruitment brochures and various newsletters back then, so I decided to call my “new” college by the same name I’d invented years ago: Ochita College. As I searched my computer for any old material I might still have about Ochita from the past, I discovered an email I sent to someone in 2009 — outlining essentially the same idea which I came up with tonight. Since I didn’t remember writing that, it felt like magic. So my next film project just might be this one instead. If all goes well, you might soon see “Ochita College: Your Future Starts Here.” This should be fun.

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